Droits économiques, sociaux, et culturels

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Caselaw

The Mayagna Awas (Sumo) Tingni Community lives in the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua and is made up of approximately 142 families. Jaime Castillo Felipe, a leader of the community, lodged a petition before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) denouncing the State of Nicaragua for failing to demarcate the Awas Tingni Community's communal land and to take the necessary measures to protect the Community's property rights over its ancestral lands and natural resources.

Entre el 27 de diciembre de 1995 y el 30 de septiembre de 1999, la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) recibió innumerables peticiones de personas jubiladas y de varias organizaciones no gubernamentales en las que se denunciaba la violación de los derechos a un recurso judicial efectivo, al debido proceso legal, a la propiedad, a la seguridad social, a la salud, al bienestar y a la igualdad ante la ley, previstos en la Declaración Americana de Derechos y Deberes del Hombre (DADH) y en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (CADH).

La Comunidad Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni se encuentra ubicada en la Costa Atlántica de Nicaragua y alberga aproximadamente a 142 familias. Jaime Castillo Felipe, Síndico de la comunidad, denunció al Estado de Nicaragua ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) por no demarcar las tierras comunales de la comunidad, ni tomar las medidas necesarias para asegurar los derechos de propiedad sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales.

400 people who had been evicted from adjacent municipal land settled on the private Modderklip farm in 2000. In April 2001 an eviction order was issued, but the occupiers had no place to go and failed to comply.  The numbers of occupiers continued to increase and the sheriff demanded a deposit of 1.8 million rand – more than the land was worth to carry out the eviction.   

Jeannine Godin lived in poverty and relied on social assistance.  The Minister of Health and Social Services had been granted custody of her three children for six months, and was applying to extend this for another six months.  She applied to legal aid for a lawyer to represent her at the hearing but was denied because legal aid did not cover temporary custody hearings.  She applied to the court for an order that funds be provided for a lawyer and asked for a declaration that the restricted eligibility for legal aid violated her rights to life, liberty and security of the person under s.

Under Sections 20 and 21 of the Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act, 1976, the State Government exempted certain excess land from the provisions of the Act on the condition that the land be used by the builders for the purpose of providing housing for the ‘weaker sections of society.'  It was alleged that the builders had not done so. Although it found that the applicant's writ of petition had been rendered infructuous, the Bombay High Court gave some directions regarding future monitoring of the scheme sanctioned under Section 20.
 

The communication alleged that the military government of Nigeria was guilty of, amongst other things, violations of the right to health, the right to dispose of wealth and natural resources, the right to a clean environment and family rights, due to its condoning and facilitating the operations of oil corporations in Ogoniland.  

South Africa is in the midst of an HIV/AIDS epidemic with more than 6 million people infected.    In 2,000, with infections of newborns in the range of 80,000 per year, the anti-retroviral drug Nevirapine offered the potential of preventing the infection of 30 – 40,000 children per year.  The drug was offered to the Government for free for five years, but the South African Government announced it would introduce Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) only in certain pilot sites and would delay setting these up for a year, thereby denying most mothers access to treatment.  The Treatment Action

In 1994 the Agriculture Labour Relations Act (ALRA) was passed to include agricultural workers in the Province of Ontario's labour relations regime.  One year later a newly elected Conservative government repealed the ALRA.  The Appellants challenged both the repeal of the ALRA and the exclusion of agricultural workers from the Labour Relations Act (LRA) as an infringement of the rights of agricultural workers to associate under section 2(d) of the Canadian Charter.  They also alleged discrimination against a vulnerable class of workers, in violation of the right to equali

A permit was granted by the Central Forestry Board to a private company to quarry stone from the Etela-Riutusvaara mountain. Indigenous members of the Muotkatunturi Herdsmen's Committee asserted that the quarrying of the stone and its transportation through their reindeer herding territory would violate their right to enjoy their culture under Article 27 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).