Derechos a la tierra y recursos naturales

Solapas principales

Caselaw

Comunidad Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni vs. Nicaragua

La Comunidad Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni se encuentra ubicada en la Costa Atlántica de Nicaragua y alberga aproximadamente a 142 familias. Jaime Castillo Felipe, Síndico de la comunidad, denunció al Estado de Nicaragua ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) por no demarcar las tierras comunales de la comunidad, ni tomar las medidas necesarias para asegurar los derechos de propiedad sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales.

Asociación de Comunidades Aborígenes Lhaka Honhat. Caso Nº 12.094.

En 1998, la Asociación de Comunidades Aborígenes Lhaka Honhat presentó una denuncia ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) contra el Estado argentino. Las comunidades habitantes de la provincia de Salta denunciaron violaciones a sus derechos a la tierra ancestral, a la integridad cultural y a un ambiente sano ante la decisión del Estado de construir un puente internacional y ejecutar un plan de urbanización en su territorio, hechos que modificarían sensiblemente su forma de vida.

President of the Republic of South Africa and Anor. v. Modderklip Boerdery (Pty) Ltd 40 2005 (5) SA 3 (CC)

400 people who had been evicted from adjacent municipal land settled on the private Modderklip farm in 2000. In April 2001 an eviction order was issued, but the occupiers had no place to go and failed to comply. The numbers of occupiers continued to increase and the sheriff demanded a deposit of 1.8 million rand – more than the land was worth to carry out the eviction.

Port Elizabeth Municipality v. Various Occupiers 2004 (12) BCLR 1268 (CC)

Port Elizabeth Municipality filed an eviction application in response to a neighbourhood petition against 68 adults and children occupying shacks erected on privately owned land. They had been living on this undeveloped land for between two to eight years and were willing to vacate the property subject to reasonable notice and suitable alternative land.

Malawi African Association and Others v. Mauritania, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Comm. Nos. 54/91, 61/91, 98/93, 164/97 à 196/97 and 210/98 (2000)

Five joined communications alleged the existence of slavery and analogous practices in Mauritania and of institutionalized racial discrimination perpetrated by the ruling Moor community against the more populous black community. It was alleged, amongst other things, that black Mauritanians were enslaved, routinely evicted or displaced from their lands, which were then confiscated by the government along with their livestock. It also was alleged that black Mauritanians were denied access to employment and were subjected to tedious and unremunerated work.

Comunidad Yanomami. Caso Nº 7615. Resolución Nº 12/85

La Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) recibió una petición contra el Estado de Brasil a favor de los indígenas Yanomami a raíz de la construcción de una carretera y del otorgamiento de permisos de explotación minera en territorio indígena.

Comunidad Indígena Yakye Axa v. Paraguay

La Comunidad Yakye Axa, comunidad indígena paraguaya perteneciente al pueblo Lengua Enxet Sur, denunció al Paraguay ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) por la omisión estatal de reconocerle la propiedad sobre su territorio ancestral. Ante la imposibilidad de ser resuelto en el ámbito de la Comisión, ésta remitió la denuncia a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.

Bhe v. Magistrate Khayelitsha & Ors. 2005 (1) BCLR 1 (CC), 15 Oct. 2004

The Bhe judgment concerned three related cases (Bhe, SAHRC and Shibi), which were decided together. In the first action, the father of applicants, Nonkuleleko and Anelisa Bhe (aged 9 and 2), had died, and the mother (the third applicant) brought an action to secure the deceased's property for her daughters. Under the African customary law rule of primogeniture as well as section 23 of the Black Administration Act, the house became the property of the eldest male relative of the father, in this case the grandfather.

Mercedes Julia Huenteao Beroiza y otras. Petición 4617/02. Informe Nº 30/04

El pueblo Mapuche Pehuenche, del sector Alto del Bio Bio, VIII Regioìn de Chile comenzó una larga lucha en defensa de sus derechos cuando el Gobierno de Chile autorizó la construcción de centrales hidroeléctricas que tendrían profundas consecuencias sobre su territorio ancestral y su cultura.

Enxet-Lamenxay and Kayleyphapopyet (Riachito). Case Nº 11.713. Report No. 90/999. [ENG]

Representatives of the Lamenxay and Kayleyphapopyet indigenous communities, both of the Enxet-Sanapana people, started proceedings aimed at recovering their ancestral land, which had been sold by the Paraguayan State to private persons. After five years of the State's failure to comply with a court decision acknowledging the constitutional land right of one of the communities, in 1996 a petition was filed with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights against the State of Paraguay.